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Amateka y'Imirongo y'Amashanyarazi y'Amashanyarazi

Jul 16, 2025

Mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 1873, mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 19, umunyakajambo Robert Davidson ni we yaremye imodoka ya mbere y’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi kw’isi yose. Ivyo vyari bimaze imyaka irenga cumi imbere y’uko imodoka ya peteroli - Ikoreshwa imodoka zahinguwe n’Abadagi Gottlieb Daimler na Karl Benz.
Imodoka y’umuyagankuba wa David yari ikamyo y’imitwaro, uburebure bwa 4800mm n’uburebure bwa 1800mm, ikoreshwa n’ibati ry’intango ry’ivyuma, zinc, n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bita mercury bifatanywa n’aside y’ikibiriti. Inyuma y’aho, haciye hakoreshwa amabateri ya kabiri ashobora gusubirwamwo. Ihinduka ry’amabateri y’intango gushika ku yindi ryari rigaragaza ubuhinga buhambaye bw’ubuhinga bw’ibinyabiziga vy’umuyagankuba ico gihe, ivyo bikaba vyatumye abantu barushiriza gukekeranya. Mu gice ca kabiri c’ikinjana ca 19, imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba zari zacitse ikintu nyamukuru co gutwara abantu n’ibintu, bikaba ari igice gihambaye mu mateka y’ugutwara abantu n’ibintu. Mu mwaka w’1890, amabisi y’amashanyarazi yariko araja mu mabarabara y’Ubufaransa n’i Londres. Iciyo gihe, ubuhinga bwa moteri y’umuriro wo mu mutima bwari inyuma cane, ivyo bikaba vyatumye habaho ugusenyuka kw’ibintu bigufi, ugumenagura kenshi, n’ugusanura bigoye. Ariko rero, imodoka z’amashanyarazi zatanga inyungu nk’aho umuntu yoroherwa no kwitaho.

Mu Buraya no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba zashitse ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 19. Mu mwaka w’1899, Igitabu c’Umufaransa c’Igifaransa carashizeho urutonde rw’ibilometero 106/h mu gice c’inyuma-bareel{5}} Imodoka y’umuyagankuba ikoreshwa n’amamoteri abiri y’amashanyarazi 44kW.

Mu mwaka w’1900, mu modoka zakozwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, 15.755 zari umuyagankuba, 1.684 zari zikoresheje umuyagankuba - zari zifise ubushobozi, kandi 936 gusa ni zo zari peteroli {{7}=amashanyarazi. Mu kwinjira mu kinjana ca 20, n’ugutera imbere gukomeye kw’ubuhinga bwa moteri y’umuriro wo mu mutima, Ford Motor Company yashizeho Model T mu 1908. Imodoka y’abantu benshi ku mirongo y’iteraniro kwatumye abantu benshi bamenyekana cane kw’imodoka za gaseline. Ku bw’ivyo, umuriro w’umuriro- Ishobora gukoreshwa n’imiduga n’imiduga y’amashanyarazi, kubera intege nke zavyo z’ubuhinga n’ubutunzi, vyakuweho n’igihe, mu gihe ica nyuma cagabanutse.

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